User A and User B are both trying to buy the last ticket for a concert. 1. User A reads the ticket count (Count = 1). 2. User B reads the ticket count (Count = 1). 3. User A decrements the count and writes (Count = 0). 4. User B decrements the count and writes (Count = 0). Both users receive a "Success" message, but only one physical ticket exists. Which concurrency problem occurred?
The Thomas Write Rule is an optimization of the Basic Timestamp Ordering protocol. What does it do when a transaction Ti tries to write to a data item that already has a Write-Timestamp newer than Ti's own timestamp?